How to get the geo-tagging of an incoming phone numbers to know the origination

You can read the call log record and find the location from the "from" object to see if it has the location. That is all RingCentral can provide via it's API.

To get more info about a phone number, you can use 3rd party services such as TeleSign API

https://enterprise.telesign.com/api-reference/apis/phoneid-api/overview/post-phoneid